强化泡沫驱油研究进展

Research Progress of Enhanced Foam Flooding

泡沫驱油因具有选择封堵性和良好的驱油效率被认为是极具前景的三次采油技术。但部分油藏渗透率低、非均质严重、温度及矿化度高,降低了泡沫驱油效果。针对这些问题,强化泡沫驱油技术应运而生。本文介绍了强化泡沫的机理:降低界面张力以增强洗油效率和Marangoni效应、提高液相和液膜强度以延缓歧化及排液过程等。综述了强化泡沫驱油研究进展:表面活性剂复配达超低界面张力以提高洗油效率和泡沫稳定性、聚合物与表面活性剂协同作用稳定泡沫、纳米颗粒通过改善液膜性质大幅提高泡沫稳定性。提出了强化泡沫驱油中仍存在的问题:表面活性剂在近井地带的吸附损耗严重、聚合物的选择及其与表面活性剂的协作机理仍不够明确、纳米颗粒成本过高等。指出纳米颗粒强化泡沫是最具发展前景的强化泡沫驱油方向。

Foam flooding is considered as a promising EOR technology due to its selective plugging and good displacement efficiency.However,the effect of the foam flooding is not good in some reservoirs because of low permeability,severe heterogeneity,high temperature and salinity.To solve these problems,enhanced foam flooding technology is developed.The mechanism of the enhanced foam flooding is introduced in this paper.That is,interfacial tension is reduced to enhance displacement efficiency and Marangoni effect,and liquid and liquid film strength is improved to slow down the process of disproportion and drainage.The research progress of the enhanced foam flooding is reviewed :the ultra-low interfacial tension of the compound surfactant may make displacement efficiency and foam stability improve,cooperation of polymer and surfactant may make foam stable,and nanoparticles greatly improve foam stability by improving liquid film properties.The issues that still exist in the enhanced foam flooding are pointed out :the adsorption loss of the surfactant near wellbore area is serious,the selection of polymers and their cooperative mechanism with the surfactant are not clear yet,and the cost of nanoparticles is too high.It is pointed out that enhanced foam with nanoparticles is the most promising direction of enhanced foam flooding.