大学生关于企业家的日常概念

Lay Conception of Entreprenerus among College Students

本研究设计6个具体研究来探讨大学生心目中的企业家日常概念。研究1与研究2采用开放式问卷和8点计分量表找出大学生心目中企业家的重要特征,并区分出中心特征与周边特征。研究3、研究4和研究5分别采用反应时、回忆再认、特征识别等方法,从三个侧面检验中心特征与周边特征的鉴别力。研究6比较企业家、科学家和领导者在这些特征上的差异,检验大学生是否能够用企业家日常概念将企业家与领导者、科学家区分开来,而不是笼统地将企业家当作成功人士。结果发现:(1)大学生关于企业家的日常概念由34个特征词构成,这些特征词可分为中心特征词和周边特征词;(2)在反应时任务中,中心特征词的反应时与正确率普遍比周边特征词高;(3)在回忆再认任务中,中心特征词的错误回忆数与错误再认数均高于周边特征词,反映出一提到企业家被试就会自动将其归入企业家的中心特征,进而导致更多的错误回忆与再认;(4)与使用周边特征词相比,在使用中心特征词作为探测词时,被试更容易将所描述的人物识别为企业家;(5)大学生能够用这些日常概念将企业家与领导者、科学家等成功人士区分开来。

Six studies were designed to explore the everyday concept of entrepreneurs in college students.The central and peripheral features,which constitute the everyday concept of entrepreneurs,were found using an open-ended questionnaire and an 8-point scale(study 1 and 2)firstly.Secondly three laboratory experimental studies were designed to test the discriminability of the concept of entrepreneurs from three perspectives using reaction time(RT),recall and recognition task and features identification task(study 3,4 and 5).Finally,the sixth study was done to test if these features can be used to distinguish entrepreneurs from other influential persons,such as leaders,scientists.The results showed that:(1)The everyday concept of entrepreneurs was composed of 34 feature words,which were divided into central and peripheral features.(2)College students identified an entrepreneur faster and more proper when using central features than using peripheral features in the RT paradigm.(3)College students falsely recalled and recognized more central features than peripheral features in false memory task.(4)College students identified a person as an entrepreneur easier when the person was described using central features than using peripheral or neutral features.(5)College students can distinguish entrepreneur from other influential persons,such as leaders,scientists,using their everyday concept.These findings are of great significance to the entrepreneurship education for college students.