论乔伊斯美学思想的民族性

On James Joyce’s Nationalism in His Aesthetics

乔伊斯的美学思想与他对爱尔兰民族命运的关注息息相关。基于爱尔兰的历史和政治形势,乔伊斯提出艺术应该"完整、彻底和明确",应该满足"完整、和谐和光彩"审美三要素,艺术的本质是激发人们对世界的同情、悲悯、愉悦等静态情感,艺术应该非个性化。这些主张均与乔伊斯试图摆脱爱尔兰的家庭文化、宗教文化、民族主义文化、民众的亡国奴文化及英国殖民文化的欲求息息相通。乔伊斯的流亡美学既是思想理论,更是行动美学,其动因是乔伊斯想借流亡与爱尔兰诸种政治、文化势力保持距离,从而探寻出基于兼收并蓄和文化相对主义的文化杂糅路径。

James Joyce’s aesthetics and his concern for the fate of Ireland are closely related to one another.Joyce,basing on the historical and political conditions of Ireland,proposes that art should be"whole,complete and definitive"and satisfy the three aesthetic requirements,namely,"integritas,consonantia,claritas,"and he is of the opinion that the essence of art is to arouse such stationary passions as sympathy,sadness and happiness for the world,and advocates the impersonality of art.All these statements come from Joyce’s wish to be freed from the oppression of the cultures of Irish family,religion,nationalism,servility of Irish people and British colonialism.Joyce’s aesthetics of exile is not only theoretic thoughts but also action aesthetics,the motives of which are that Joyce wants to distance himself from various political and cultural powers,and thus find out ways to cultural hybridity based on acceptance,acquiescence,and cultural relativism.