西方文论关键词 生态马克思主义

Eco-Marxism:A Keyword in Critical Theory

生态马克思主义是马克思主义与生态学结合的产物,视资本主义制度为生态危机根源,生态社会主义或共产主义为解决危机途径;构建了马克思新陈代谢断裂理论,超越了生态伦理学的伦理批判和生态女性主义、后殖民生态主义的文化批判;坚持马克思主义自然观和历史观的统一,丰富和发展了马克思主义生态思想,为研究生态危机提供了新的理论视角。其对于资本主义技术使用、控制自然的意识形态、异化消费、资本主义制度的批判和对于生态社会主义和共产主义的展望,为生态文学创作和生态批评提供理论资源;其辩证统一的马克思主义自然观、人学观、社会观和历史观,超越生态女性主义批评和后殖民生态批评,可望破解生态批评困局,推动生态批评发展。

As the combination of Marxism and ecology,eco-Marxism believes that capitalism is the root cause of ecological crisis,and the way out lies in eco-socialism and communism.Eco-Marxism has constructed Marx’s Metabolic Rift Theory,and transcends the ethical criticism of ecological ethics and the cultural criticism of ecofeminism and postcolonial ecologism.Upholding the unity of Marxist outlook on nature and history,it enriches and develops Marxist ecological thinking,and provides a new perspective for ecological crisis studies.It criticizes capitalist technology utilization,the ideology of nature domination,alienated consumption,and capitalism,and has prospects for eco-socialism and communism,which provides eco-literature and ecocriticism with rich resources.Its dialectical unity of outlook on nature,human,society,and history,transcending ecofeminism and postcolonial ecocriticism,is hoped to overcome the dilemma of ecocriticism and promote its development.