“都是些空话,空话,空话”——《哈姆雷特》的悲恸书写

Words,Words,Words:Mourning in Hamlet

中世纪炼狱的消失对于早期现代欧洲社会的死亡观念造成了极大冲击,葬礼在抚慰生者方面的功效也可谓差强人意。父亲的逝世与母亲的再嫁引发了哈姆雷特巨大的悲恸情绪却难以言表。年轻的哈姆雷特,无论他的眼睛落在哪里,看到的都是污秽、疾病、罪恶和生命的无意义。本文认为,哈姆雷特的"不作为"既不是出于所谓复仇的伦理禁忌,也不是犹豫的性格,或是俄狄浦斯情结等内心隐秘,而是因为一切行动都难以满足他对生命意义的渴望和情感寄托。另一方面,作为复仇手段的"戏中戏"令哈姆雷特陷入了难以自拔的怀疑论,从乡村巡演回来的戏班子成为哈姆雷特唯一善待的对象,也是他能够取得某种程度情感认同的对象。

The disappearance of purgatory had a profound impact upon early modern English people’s idea of death and their emotional structure with the ever decreasing role of burial and funeral in providing comforts for the living.Old Hamlet’s sudden death and Gertrude’s rash remarriage struck Hamlet into deep mourning so that wherever he cast his eyes,there were stains,diseases,sin and life’s meaninglessness.This paper argues that Hamlet’s inaction was neither motivated by the ethical taboo of revenge,nor melancholy,but because nothing satisfied his thirst for the meaning of life.The play within the play,as a strategy of revenge,not only plunged Hamlet into a hopeless skepticism,but also served as the only object that he could identify with emotionally.