刑事案件中大数据整合行为定性及其适用规则

Qualitative Analysis of Big Data Integration Behavior in Criminal Cases and Its Applicable Rules

大数据整合与"大数据侦查"有着本质区别。"大数据侦查"本质上是侦查主体运用大数据侦查案件的过程。大数据整合在丰富传统隐私类型的同时迫使立法者必须考虑完善乃至构建预测型大数据整合、侦查型大数据整合规则。科技发展在给我们生活带来便利的同时加剧了惩罚犯罪与保障人权诉讼价值在虚拟空间领域的冲突。促使科技与法律的融合发展,将大数据整合技术纳入法治轨道是缓解上述冲突的根本途径。大数据整合体系化特点为公安机关职能进行一体化改革提供了技术手段与理论支撑。立法者有必要将刑事初查纳入刑事侦查范畴,改革刑事立案制度,同时配合隐私权变形引发的刑事紧急搜查制度变革,打造预防与侦查为一体的综合刑事犯罪治理体系。

Big data integration is fundamentally different from big data detection.Big data investigation is essentially the process by which the investigating entity uses big data to investigate cases.Big data integration,while enriching the traditional privacy types,also forces legislators to consider perfecting and even building predictive big data integration and scouting big data integration rules.The development of science and technology has brought convenience to our lives while exacerbating the conflict between punishing crimes and safeguarding the value of human rights litigation in the virtual space.It is the fundamental path to alleviate the above conflicts by integrating big data into the rule of law,which promotes the integration of technology and law.The systemic characteristics of big data integration provide technical means and theoretical support for the integrated reform of public security organs.Hence,it is necessary for legislators to incorporate the criminal preliminary investigation into the criminal investigation category,reform the criminal filing system.And meanwhile it is essential to cooperate with the criminal emergency search system reform caused by the change of privacy rights.These measures illustrated above can help create a comprehensive criminal crime governance system integrating prevention and investigation.