略论中国古代的实录传统与实录体史书

A Brief Discussion on the Shi Lu Tradition and the History Book of Shi Lu in Ancient China

实录在中国古代原指据实直录和由此形成的文字记载,与信史之义相近。此义的形成与中国古代长期流行的“其文直,其事核,不虚美,不隐恶,不畏强权,善恶并书,以资鉴戒”的实录传统有密切关系。此种实录传统大致发端于春秋战国时期,成熟于秦汉魏晋南北朝,至唐宋时期而达到顶峰,其流风遗韵直至明清时期仍为时人所重视。古人在此传统的影响下,以良史之才自任,以撰写信史为创作目标,以实录为评论标准,进而以实录为其书名,最终产生了以编年附传的形式记载帝王在位时期的一切朝政大事的实录体史书。受各种因素的影响,此类实录体史书难免存在局限和不足,但史料价值不容忽视。

In ancient China,the original meaning of Shi Lu,referring to credible records,means the records of the facts.The relationship between this meaning and the popular tradition of Shi Lu in ancient China is very close.Actually,the very rich content of the popular tradition of Shi Lu recorded the facts about the good and the evil reliably,clearly and precisely without being afraid of the authorities.Under the influence of this tradition,many historians took the credible records as their goals of creation,and judged the levels of history books by the standard of Shi Lu,and some historians even directly named their books with Shi Lu.They finally produced the history books of Shi Lu that recorded the emperor and political affairs.Due to various factors,this history books inevitably now have some limitations and deficiencies,but their historical values cannot be ignored.