明清腾冲士绅阶层与地方秩序重构——以和顺为中心的考察

The Gentry Class and Reconstruction of Local Order in Tengchong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:A Case Study in Heshun

明清时期腾冲地区社会结构的重大变革莫过于士绅阶层的兴起。以此期和顺士绅为中心的探讨大体反映了腾冲知识分子士绅阶层的情况,可以看作腾冲地区士绅阶层与地方秩序重构的一个缩影。和顺士绅利用政治特权、文化权力、强大的经济基础与家族组织逐渐打破了和顺旧有的以卡瓦、阿昌、傈僳、傣等土著民族为中心的地方秩序,推动以汉文化和汉族移民为核心的新的和顺地方秩序的形成。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the social structure of Tengchong area was greatly changed than the rise of the gentry class.In this period,the discussion of Heshun gentry as the center reflects the situation of the intellectual gentry class in Tengchong,and can be regarded as a microcosm of the reconstruction of the gentry class and local order in Tengchong area.Using political privileges,cultural power,strong economic base and family organization,the Heshun gentry gradually broke the old local order which had been centered on the indigenous peoples such as Kawa,Achang,Lisu and Dai,and therefore promoted the formation of a new Heshun local order with Han cultures and Han immigrants as the core.