论部分缓刑的制度价值与法理构造

The Institutional Value and Jurisprudential Structure of Suspension of Partial Sentence

部分缓刑是指在判决中同时宣告实刑刑期、缓刑刑期以及缓刑考验期,实刑部分服刑完毕后若顺利通过缓刑考验期,则不再执行缓刑刑期。部分缓刑通过判决宣告阶段的处遇联结机能,一方面可以确保犯罪人服刑一段时间后接受充分且必要的社会内处遇,有助于突破刑满释放与假释的困境;另一方面则有助于转换看待社区矫正的视角,将其与监所服刑联结起来发挥共同防止再犯的效果。部分缓刑是全部实刑的亚类型,不应(过多地)设置宣告刑与前科等硬性要件。防止再犯的必要性与相当性既是构成部分缓刑的实质要件又是判断是否必须撤销部分缓刑的实质标准。部分缓刑中的宣告刑不能超出报应的程度,且宣告时应当确保充分的实刑刑期与缓刑考验期;但在执行阶段可通过假释、减刑乃至单纯的缩短考验期等措施应对特殊预防必要性减少的现象。可以针对类型化犯罪人而不是类型化的罪名,设定不同于一般犯罪人的部分缓刑规定或者有针对性的量刑标准。

Suspension of partial sentence means that the actual term of imprisonment,the suspended term of imprisonment and the probation period are announced at the same time in a judgment and that,after the completion of the actual term of imprisonment,the suspended term of imprisonment will not be executed upon the expiration of the probation period.By strengthening the linkage between imprisonment and community correction at the sentence announcement stage,suspension of partial sentence can,on the one hand,ensure that the offender receives sufficient and necessary community correction after serving a certain period of prison time,which helps to break the dilemma faced by the release after completion of sentence and parole,and,on the other hand,help us to change the perspective from which we look at community corrections and to combine community correction with imprisonment,so that they can play a joint role in preventing recidivism.Suspension of partial sentence is a subtype of execution of the whole sentence.China should not set up(too many)mandatory preconditions,such as declaratory sentence and criminal record,for the application of suspension of partial sentence.The necessity and equivalence of the prevention of recidivism are not only the substantive elements of the suspension of partial sentence,but also the substantive standard for deciding whether it is necessary to cancel the partial probation.The declaratory sentence should not exceed the level of retribution,and the actual term of imprisonment and the probation period for suspension of sentence should be sufficiently guaranteed when declaring it.At the execution stage,measures such as parole,commutation,or simply shortening the probation period can be used to deal with the phenomenon of reduced need for special prevention.Rules on suspension of partial sentence that are different from the rules applicable to ordinary offenders or special sentencing standards can be made for typed offenders,rather than typed charges.