激光散斑目标探测技术综述

Review of laser speckle target detection technology

基于激光散斑的目标探测技术是一种长期以来被人们忽略的激光探测技术,该技术将传统激光探测技术中视为噪声的激光散斑视为新的信息来源,通过分析激光散斑形成机理探究散斑统计特性与目标物理特性间的关系,并结合行之有效的分析反演方法来获得包括目标形状、尺寸、表面粗糙度以及动力学参数等信息。与传统激光探测技术相比,基于激光散斑的目标探测技术具有结构简单,对光学系统要求低,对目标表面物理特性及微动特性敏感等特点,目前已广泛应用于航天、医学、工业、军事等多个领域。本文对近年来各类基于激光散斑的目标探测技术进行了分类总结,对各类探测方法的用途和优缺点以及适用环境进行了对比分析,对未来基于激光散斑的目标探测方法的发展趋势加以分析。

Target detection technology based on laser speckles is a kind of laser detection technology that has been ignored for a long time.In this technology,the laser speckle,which is regarded as noise in the traditional laser detection technology,is used as a new source of information.By analyzing the formation mechanism of a laser speckle pattern,the relationship between the statistical characteristics and the physical characteristics of the target is explored,and the effective analysis and inversion methods are combined to obtain the target’s shape,size,surface roughness and dynamic parameters.Compared with traditional laser detection technology,target detection technology based on laser speckles has a simple structure,has low optical system requirements,is sensitive to the physical and fretting characteristics of the target’s surface,and has been widely used in aerospace,medicine,industry,military and other fields.This paper classifies and summarizes the various kinds of speckle-based target detection technologies from recent years,compares and analyzes their applications,advantages and disadvantages,as well as the environmental restrictions.Finally,this paper prospects the trend for the future development of target detection methods based on laser speckles.