美国高校提升本科教学质量:反思、实践与启示

Reflection,Practice and Enlightenment of the Improvement of Undergraduate Teaching in American University

随着大学工作重点与形式逐步由教学转向研究,美国高校面临着提升本科教学质量的压力和挑战。为了扭转本科教育趋弱的倾向,美国高校实施了包括组建教学发展中心、设置教师指导项目、实施科学教育计划等在内的改进措施。此外,高校外部则还设有卡内基教学学术学院、学科教育研究等集本科教学研究与实践于一体的支持性组织。对于我国高校而言,在建设一流本科教育的过程中,应认识到政策推动教育教学改革的局限性;营造教学文化氛围,加大对本科教学的支持力度;关注学科教学知识,拓展教师发展中心职能。

With the focus and form of university work gradually shifting from teaching to research,American universities are facing pressures and challenges to improve the quality of undergraduate teaching.In order to change the present condition that the undergraduate education is becoming weaker and weaker,American universities have implemented improvement measures including establishing Teaching Development Centers,setting up Faculty Mentoring Program,and implementing Science Education Programs at the university level.In addition,outside the university,there are also supporting organizations that integrate undergraduate teaching research and practice,such as the Carnegie Academy of Teaching and Learning,and the Discipline-Based Education Research.For colleges and universities in China,in the process of building world-class undergraduate education,we should recognize the limitations of policies to promote education and teaching reform;then create a teaching culture atmosphere and increase support for teaching;also pay attention to pedagogical content knowledge,and expand the functions of the Teacher Development Centre.