苯乙胺类新精神活性物质的研究进展

Research Progress of New Psychoactive Substances of Phenethylamines

苯乙胺类新精神活性物质是一类具有致幻和兴奋双重精神作用的化合物,以苯乙胺为母核,通过化学结构修饰合成苯乙胺类衍生物以规避法律的管控,其药理作用与传统毒品相似,甚至毒性更强。滥用苯乙胺类物质后,会出现恶心、呕吐、心动过速、高血压、呼吸抑制以及幻觉等症状,甚至发生严重肢体缺血、肝、肾功能衰竭并导致死亡,严重影响到人类的身心健康和公共安全。苯乙胺类新精神活性物质滥用引起了国际社会的高度关注,对其药理毒理及分析方法的研究成了法医毒物分析领域的研究热点。综述了苯乙胺类新精神活性物质的体内过程、样品前处理以及分析方法,以期为司法鉴定的实践提供依据。

New psychoactive substances of phenethylamines are a class of compounds with dual psychoactive effects of hallucinations and excitement.It uses phenethylamine as the mother nucleus,and through the chemical structure modification to synthesize phenethylamine derivatives to circumvent the laws and regulations of various countries.Its pharmacological effects are similar to traditional drugs,and even more toxic.Abuse of phenethylamines can cause symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,tachycardia,hypertension,respiratory depression,and hallucinations,and even severe limb ischemia,liver and kidney failure and death,which seriously affects human physical and mental health and public safety.New psychoactive substances of phenethylamines have drawn great attention from the international community,and the study of their pharmacological and toxicology and analysis methods has become a research hotspot in the field of forensic toxicology analysis.This article reviews the in vivo processes,sample preparation,and analysis methods of new psychoactive substances of phenethylamine,in order to provide a basis for the practice of forensic identification.