学龄前儿童照管方式对女性劳动供给的影响研究

The Influence of Preschool Child Care on Female Labor Supply

本文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM),将机构照管和隔代照管两种儿童照管方式纳入到同一框架体系内,考察了学龄前儿童照管方式对女性劳动供给的影响。研究发现,机构照管方式和隔代照管方式均会显著提高女性的劳动参与率,尤其是隔代照管方式具有更强的正面促进作用。同时,本文还进一步探讨了不同女性群体的劳动供给受儿童照管方式影响的异质性。结果表明,机构照管方式和隔代照管方式对高学历女性的劳动供给会产生更大的正向影响;随着子女数量的增多,两种照管方式对女性劳动供给的正面促进效果均有所减弱;隔代照管方式对城乡女性的劳动参与率并没有显著影响,但是机构照管方式对城镇女性劳动供给的正面影响显著大于农村女性;机构照管方式对与老人同住女性劳动供给的正面促进作用更强,隔代照管方式对女性劳动参与率的影响则不会因家庭结构的不同而存在显著差异。

Based on the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper investigated the impact of preschool child care on female labor supply,by means of the propensity score matching method(PSM),which is integrated with institutional child care and generational child care into the same framework system.The research found that the female labor force participation rate can be significantly improved by the institutional care mode and the inter-generational care mode,especially the inter-generational care mode has a stronger positive promotion effect.Meanwhile,the influence of child care on the heterogeneity of labor supply of different female groups was further discussed.The results have shown that both institutional care mode and the inter-generational care mode have greater positive effect on the labor supply of female with higher education.The positive effect of both kinds of care mode on the labor supply of female decreased with the increase of the number of children.The inter-generational care mode had a certain degree of influence on the labor participation rate between urban and rural women,but the influence was insignificancy,while the institutional care mode has higher positive effect on urban women than rural women.Furthermore,the study of family structure indicated that the institutional care mode has active promoting effect on the labor supply of women living with the elderly,and there was no significant difference for the effect of inter-generational care mode on the labor participation rate of women among different family structure.