特大城市户籍“积分制”改革的探索与路径选择

Exploration on and Path Selection of Point-based Household Registration Systems of Megacities

“积分落户”制度作为当前特大城市户籍制度改革的主要举措,加强了人口居住地管理服务的公平性与规范性。但当前我国户籍管理面临着部分大型城市日益增长的人口规模与公共服务和社会福利的供给能力的不匹配。本文通过构建公共服务承载力以及城市吸引力的指标体系,以14个代表性特大城市为样本,将我国城市的发展模式分为人口吸引力低和公共服务供给能力强、人口吸引力和公共服务供给能力均较强、人口吸引力和公共服务供给能力均较弱、人口吸引力强和公共服务供给能力弱四种类型,并提出相应的“积分制”改革路径,提出未来“积分制”改革应向阶梯式赋权转变,构建城市发展的生态系统,落户政策应向多元化的价值取向延伸,注重利用互联网技术提高落户政策实施效率。

Point-based household registration systems,as the main measure of the reform of household registration systems of megacities,strengthen the fairness and standardization of residence management service.However;current household registration management in China is feeing the problem of mismatch between the growing population size of some large cities and the supply capacity of public service and social welfare.By constructing an index system of public service canying capacity and urban attractiveness,and taking 14 representative megacities as samples,this paper divides cities in China into four types,including city with weak population attractiveness and strong public service supply capacity,city with strong population attractiveness and strong public service supply capacity city with weak population attractiveness and weak public service supply capacity,and city with strong population attractiveness and weak public service supply capacity,and puts forward a corresponding point-based system reform path.It is proposed that the future point-based system reform should be transformed to ladder-type empowerment,an ecological system of urban development should be constructed,the household registration policy should be extended to diversified value orientation,and attention should be paid to the use of Internet technology to improve the implementation efficiency of the household registration policy.