战时大后方文化纸荒问题与各界因应

The Culture Paper Shortage in the Rear Area during the Period of the Anti-Japanese War and the Response from All Walks of Life

国民政府迁都重庆后,大后方成了全国的政治、经济和文化教育中心,各界尤其是文化界纸张需求量急剧增加。然战前长期的纸张供给结构在战时发生了巨大改变,巨大的纸张需求与大后方纸张产能不足的矛盾十分突出,加上国民政府对纸张议价与统配政策的失利、部分商人囤纸索价等多维因素,致使大后方产生了普遍的文化纸荒问题,引起了各界的高度关注。基于战时宣传和文化事业等方面的迫切用纸需求,国民政府、造纸业和文化界从不同角度出发进行了因应。虽然受战时大环境制约,各界的因应能力有限,但改良土纸与机制纸配合,在一定程度上保障了文化界以及其他各界不同层次的用纸需求,服务了我国抗战的最终胜利。

After the Nanjing Government moved its capital to Chongqing,the rear area became the political,economic,cultural and educational center of the country.The demand for paper from all walks of life,especially the cultural circles increased sharply.However,the long-term paper supply structure before the war had undergone tremendous changes during the war,and the contradiction between the huge paper demand and the lack of paper production capacity in the rear area was severe.In addition,the multi-dimensional factors such as the National Government’s failure in bargaining and unified distribution policies,some merchants hoarding paper and raising prices,had caused widespread cultural paper shortages in the rear area,which aroused attention from all walks of life.To meet the urgent paper needs for wartime propaganda and cultural undertakings,the National Government,the paper industry,and the cultural circles responded from different angles.Although restricted by the wartime environment and all sectors of society had limited responses,the combination of improved local paper and machine-made paper had to a certain extent satisfied the paper needs of cultural circles and other circles and somewhat contributed to the final victory of the war of resistance.