法律渊源的司法主义界定

Define the Source of Law from the Perspective of Judicialism

什么是法律渊源,以及什么可以成为法律渊源,法学界并无共识。从司法实践意义来看,作为法律渊源,它应当满足以下条件:(1)必须具有法律效力;(2)必须为人们所感知;(3)必须是能够在司法判决中加以明示的理由;(4)作为判决的理由,它本身并不需要再证明。基于此认识,笔者认为,法律渊源的定义就可以简化为:为当下法律所赋予法律效力的裁判案件的依据。在这个定义下,法律渊源可以分为法定渊源与酌定渊源。在法定渊源中,大陆法系主要是制定法,英美法系主要是判例;我国则除了制定法外还包括司法解释,判例不是我国法律渊源。在酌定渊源中,习惯、公认价值、法学家意见、公共政策等,则必须在满足一定条件后才可以成为法律渊源。

There is no consensus on what is the source of law and what can be the source of law.From the perspective of judicialism,as the source of law,it should meet the following requirements:(1)it must have legal effect;(2)it must be perceived by people;(3)it must be the express reason of judicial decision;(4)as a reason for the judgment,it does not need to be proved in itself.Based on this understanding,the definition of source of law can be simplified as the basis for the judgment of cases that are given legal force by the current law.Under this definition,the sources of law can be divided into statutory sources and discretionary sources.Among the statutory sources,the continental law system is statute law,while the common law system is case law.In our country,judicial interpretation is included in addition to statute law,and case law is not the source of our law.In the discretionary source,custom,concept of justice,authoritative theory and policy can also be used as the sources of law after certain conditions are met.