论监察解释权的法治化原理及其方案

Research on the Legalization Principle and Scheme of Supervisory Interpretation Power

法律本身的抽象性与滞后性决定了统一且有效实施法律离不开法律解释活动,较为简约的监察法若要实施并有效规约复杂的监察实践,必然需要解释襄助。根据我国独特的法律协同解释体制,作为监察法实施机关的国家监察委员最适宜就监察法的具体应用问题作出应用性解释。实践中,国家监察委员会正在行使的解释权部分来源于对被整合机关解释权的概括承继与转化升级,但如果监察解释权要从实践形成阶段跨入规范形成阶段,就必须通过正式授权完成法治化转型。监察法规制定权的存在并不会减损监察解释权的配置必要性,授权国家监察委员会解释监察法律规范本身可以促进对当事人合法权益的有效保障,这不仅符合我国法律解释权核心配置规范“1981年决议”所揭示的法律应用性解释权“权为事需”的生成原理、“权随事走”的转移原理与“权尚事效”的选择原理,还契合我国“解释权分享”的制度原生逻辑、“适用者解释”的制度构架逻辑、“功能最优化”的制度运行逻辑。未来可以考虑以决议型授权方式赋予国家监察委员会监察解释权,国家监察委员会负责包括一般解释和具体解释在内的应用性解释,并以解释监察法律规范为主,以解释与监察工作相关的其他法律规范为辅,同时监察解释权应当受到必要限制。

The abstract and lagging nature of law itself determines that the unified and effective implementation of law can not be separated from legal interpretation activities.If the simpler supervision law is to be implemented and effectively regulate the complex supervision practice,it must be interpreted and assisted.According to our country’s unique legal co-interpretation system,the State Supervisory Committee is most suitable to make an applied interpretation on the specific application of the Supervisory Law.In practice,the interpretation power being exercised by the State Supervisory Committee comes partly from the generalization,inheritance,transformation and upgrading of the interpretation power of the integrated organs.However,if the supervision and interpretation power is to move from the practical formation stage to the normative formation stage,it must be formally authorized to complete the transformation of the rule of law.It is not only necessary to practice,but also reasonable to give the supervisory interpretation power to the National Supervisory Committee,which is more feasible in system.The power of supervision and interpretation granted by the State Supervision Committee not only conforms to the generating principle of the power of application of law as required by the core configuration norm of the power of interpretation of law "Resolution of 1981",the transfer principle of"power goes with the flow"and the configuration principle of"power remains effective",but also conforms to the original logic of the system of"sharing the power of interpretation",the system of"interpretation by applicants"and the architectural logic and system operation logic of"functional optimality".In the future,we may consider granting the supervisory interpretation power to the National Monitoring Committee by means of resolution-based authorization.The National Monitoring Committee is responsible for the practical interpretation,including general interpretation and specific interpretation.It mainly interprets the supervisory legal norms,supplemented by the interpretation of the legal norms related to the supervisory work.At the same time,the supervisory interpratation should be subject to necessary restrictions.