司法异化与重建威权:唐宋“指斥乘舆”罪嬗变的政治意涵

Judicial Alienation and Reconstruction of Authority:The Political Meaning of Rebuking the Emperor in Tang and Song Dynasty

唐宋时代的“指斥乘舆”罪属“十恶”之一,司法裁决以“情理”是否“切害”作为定罪量刑的准则。在法司推勘过程中,临时上请的操作空间使得君主威权与司法实务相勾连,造成法治表象之下人治暗流涌动的历史真实。君主对“指斥乘舆”者赦宥的政治动机在于博取人民的信任,以达到强化政治权威的意图。对“指斥乘舆”罪的科断与朝廷政治环境密切相关,政敌或党争双方援引律令条文排除异己,相互攻击。在特定的政治生态与法律文化背景中,“指斥乘舆”罪异化为政治角逐的利器与工具。

The crime of“Rebuke the Emperor”in Tang and Song Dynasties is one of the ten evils.The important criterion of conviction and sentencing in judicial adjudication is whether it is reasonable or not.In the legal exploration,the temporary operation space makes the monarchy s authority linked with the judicial practice,resulting in the historical reality of the undercurrent of the rule of man under the appearance of the rule of law.The political motive of the emperor s pardon to those who denounce the emperor is to win the trust of the people so as to strengthen the authority.The crime of“Rebuke the Emperor”is closely related to the political environment of the imperial court.The political enemies or the party contending parties use the provisions of laws to repel the dissident and fight against the political enemies.In the specific political ecology and legal cultural background,“Rebuke the Emperor”is alienated as a tool of political struggle.