民国司法改革的开篇:1912年的中央司法会议

The Beginning of the Judicial Reform in the Republic of China:the Central Judicial Conference in 1912

1912年12月,民国北京政府召开了中央司法会议。此次会议由时任司法总长许世英主导,即便国内政治法律尚未完全统一,大部分省份仍派员参加此会。从会议内容看,此次会议紧密结合许世英会前发布的《司法计划书》,主要聚焦于司法统一与司法改良的相关问题。研究1912年中央司法会议,厘清会议背景、会议目的、会议内容,可窥见民国伊始司法问题之所在。由于这次会议是民国时期第一次全国性司法会议,其召开也为整个民国时期司法改革拉开了帷幕。

In December 1912,the Beijing Government of the Republic of China convened the Central Judicial Conference.The meeting was led by then-Judicial Chief Xu Shi-ying.Even as China was not unified,most provinces still sent members to attend the meeting.According to the records of the meeting,this meeting was closely associated with Xu Shi-ying’s“Judicial Plan”,which mainly focused on judicial unification and judicial improvement.Studying the Central Judicial Conference in 1912,clarifying the background,purpose and content of the conference,a series of problems in the judicial reform in the early Republic of China could be figured out.Since this conference was the first national judicial conference during the Republican period,its convening also opened the curtain for judicial reform throughout the Republican China.