舰船综合电力系统的多混合储能协同控制方法

A coordinated control method of multi-hybrid energy storage in vessel integrated power system

[目的]针对舰船综合电力系统中的分布式混合储能系统(HESS),为实现多个HESS之间的相对一致性,以及单个HESS内部超级电容储能与电池储能之间的合理功率分配,提出一种基于储能装置荷电状态(SOC)的多HESS协同控制方法。[方法]单个HESS的控制外环将采用下垂控制方法来实现功率的初始分配,而内环稳压控制则采用主从控制模式,以减少各HESS之间的通信需求。鉴于超级电容动态响应快,但容量偏小、电池储能容量较大的特点,在单个HESS内部,基于超级电容的SOC值计算电池的输出功率;在多个HESS之间,基于内部电池的SOC值计算每个HESS的充/放电总功率。[结果]通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真,在舰船高能负载投切和随机波动工况下,验证了多HESS的放电响应特性。在充、放电模式变换工况下,母线电压波动处于2.5%的偏移允许范围之内;超级电容SOC控制在上限和下限之间,且基本维持了2个超级电容单元SOC的一致性;在充、放电模式下,锂电池均仅在超级电容受限时工作。[结论]在不依赖高、低通滤波单元的前提下,多混合储能协同控制方法具有较好的母线电压稳定能力和较强的鲁棒性。

[Objectives]Aiming at the distributed hybrid energy storage system(HESS) in the shipboard integrated power system(IPS), a multi-HESSs collaborative control method based on the state of charge(SOC)of the energy storage device(ESD) was proposed to achieve the relative consistency among multi-HESSs and the reasonable power distribution between supercapacitor and battery within a single HESS.[Methods]The droop control method will be adopted in the outer control loop of a single HESS to realize the initial power distribution, while the master-slave control mode will be adopted in the inner control loop to reduce the communication demand among multi-HESS’s. Given the characteristics of a fast dynamic response but the small capacity of supercapacitor and large capacity of battery, the SOC value of the supercapacitor is calculated to obtain the output power of the battery within a single HESS. Between multi-HESSs, the total charging/discharging power of each HESS unit is calculated based on the SOC value of the internal battery.[Results]Through the simulation of PSCAD/EMTDC, the discharge response characteristics of multi-HESSs under high energy load switching and random fluctuation conditions are verified. Under the charge-discharge mode transformation condition, the bus voltage fluctuation is within the allowable range of 2.5%. The SOC of a supercapacitor is controlled between the upper and lower limits, and the SOC consistency of two supercapacitor units is maintained. In both charging and discharging modes, lithium batteries operate only when the supercapacitor is limited.[Conclusions]On the premise of not depending on the high-low pass filter unit, the multi-HESS’s collaborative control method has better bus voltage stability and strong robustness.