营养护理干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Application effect of nutritional nursing intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的:评估营养护理干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法:纳入2018年6月至2019年6月无锡市妇幼保健院收治的妊娠糖尿病患者100例作为研究对象,采用随机数表法将患者分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。对照组接受常规饮食指导,观察组接受营养护理干干预。记录和比较两组的胰岛素使用情况、血糖控制情况、孕期体重增长情况、母婴并发症发生率。结果:孕产期中,观察组的胰岛素使用率明显低于对照组的胰岛素使用率(4.0%vs 16.0%,P<0.05)。入院后4周,观察组患者的空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖均控制在正常范围内,糖化血红蛋白由(6.88±0.26)%下降至(5.06±0.21)%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。然而,对照组空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖均无明显下降趋势且并未控制至正常范围,糖化血红蛋白餐前与餐后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。妊娠前两组体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而分娩前,对照组患者的体重增加明显高于观察组患者(P<0.05)。观察组母婴并发症发生率分别为6.0%和6.0%,均明显低于对照组(28.0%和24.0%,P<0.05)。结论:营养护理干预方案能够有效控制妊娠期糖尿病患者的血糖水平及体重增加,降低母婴并发症的发生率。

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of nutritional nursing intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus patients were selected as the research objects,who were treated at our hospital from June 2018 to June 2019.The patients were divided into an observation group(n=50)and a control group(n=50)by random number table method.Patients in the control group received routine diet guidance,while patients in the observation group received nutritional nursing intervention.The use of insulin,blood glucose control,weight gain during pregnancy and the incidence of maternal and infant complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:The insulin use rate of the observation group was 4.0%,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(16.0%)(P<0.05).And 4 weeks after admission,the fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose of the observation group were controlled within the normal range,the glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from(6.88±0.26)%to(5.06±0.21)%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).However,the fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in the control group had no significant downward trend and were not controlled to the normal range.What’s more,there was no significant difference in glycosylated hemoglobin(P>0.05).Before pregnancy,there was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups(P>0.05),but before delivery,the weight gain of the control group was significantly higher than that of the observation group(P<0.05).The incidence of maternal and infant complications in the observation group was 6.0%and 6.0%,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(28.0%and 24.0%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nutritional nursing intervention program can effectively control the blood glucose level and weight gain,reduce the incidence of maternal and infant complications in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.