论主权豁免理论在国际司法诉讼中的适用

On the Application of Sovereign Immunity in Judicial Practice

主权豁免理论基于主权平等原则,是处理主权国家诉讼的重要法律原则,呈现出绝对豁免向限制豁免的演变趋势。当前,我国被部分国家以疫情为由恶意提起诉讼,通过“中国民用航空器案”“天宇案”等案例分析,揭示美国法院主权豁免适用的主体条件、限制豁免的判断标准等,从法律层面揭示我国以主权豁免理论应对恶意诉讼的可能性,以驳斥对华起诉的不法性与不合理性,维护国家合法权益。

Based on the principle of sovereign equality,the theory of sovereign immunity,which is an important legal principle in dealing with litigation of sovereign states,shows the evolution trend that the absolute immunity changes to the limitation immunity.Facing the background of the Covid-19 in 2020,China is prosecuted by some countries with reasons concerning the convid-19 pandemic.By analyzing the trial results of the"China Civil Aviation Case"and"Tianyu Case",the thesis summarizes the subject conditions of the application of the theory of sovereign immunity,the criteria for the application of limitation immunity,and finally,from the legal level,discusses the possibility of the application of sovereign immunity theory in litigation,hoping to refute the unreasonableness of the prosecution against China and to safeguard the country's interest.