环境群体性事件的成因及治理对策——基于“生态-经济”次协调的视角

Causes of Environmental Mass Events and the Countermeasures——From the Perspective of sub-coordination of“Ecology-Economy”

传统粗放型经济发展方式与薄弱的环境承载力之间的矛盾导致"生态-经济"复合系统呈现出"次协调"运行状态。研究表明:环境群体性事件是"生态-经济"次协调社会风险最激烈的爆发方式。在"生态-经济"次协调视角下,环境群体性事件产生的原因主要包括:经济行为的环境风险向社会风险的传导效应、经济活动外部性与居民生存权健康权的冲突、环境风险沟通中的公众与专家之间的风险感知差异、传统利益诉求渠道与信息时代传播多元化之间的矛盾。为此,应通过加快转变经济发展方式、健全生态环境风险管理机制、建立公众环境风险感受评估制度、畅通公众环境决策参与渠道等措施,科学理性应对环境群体性事件,提升社会风险治理能力和水平。

Traditional extensive economic development mode has conflicts with the weak environmental bearing capacity,which leads to the"sub-coordinated"operation of the"ecology-economy"complex system.The research shows that environmental mass events often break out,as the most intense mode,due to the social risk of"ecology-economy"sub-coordination.In the perspective of"ecology-economy"sub-coordination,the reasons of environmental mass events mainly include:the environmental risk from economic behavior may be transformed as the social risk;the external economic activity has conflict with the residents’right in life and health;there exists difference in the risk perception ability between the public and the experts when communicating the environmental risks;and there exists contradiction between the traditional channel of demanding interests and the diversified transmission in the age of information.Therefore,we should accelerate the transformation of economic development pattern,improve the mechanism of ecological and environmental risk management,establish the assessment system for the public perception of environmental risks,and open the channels for public participation in environmental decision-making.Through these measures,it is possible for us to respond to environmental mass incidents scientifically and rationally and improve the ability to manage social risks.