金圣叹小说批评理论研究——以《贯华堂第五才子书水浒传》为例

A Theoretical Study of Jin Shengtan’s Novel Criticism--Taking the Example of Water Margin Written by the Fifth Literature Talent in China and Commented in Guanhua House

金圣叹的《贯华堂第五才子书水浒传》是他一生小说评点的集大成之作。金圣叹通过区分作品中的艺术虚构与生活真实、动态化塑造人物的个性化特点、运用对比衬托的描写手法三个方面展示了《水浒传》典型人物塑造方式。他通过细微之处的细节评点,梳理了书中的字句章法和结构脉络,加以推动故事情节的发展和人物性格特征的塑造,进一步明晰了作者的主题观点和写作用意。金圣叹"腰折"《水浒传》造成某些艺术成就方面的缺憾和主题思想上的矛盾,也不应被忽略。

Water Margin Written by the Fifth Literature Talent in China and Commented in Guanhua House,which was created by Jin Shengtan,is a masterpiece of his life work in novel comment.Jin Shengtan distinguished artistic fiction from the real life,created the personalities of his characters dynamically,and used the descriptive methods of contrast and foil so as to demonstrate the typical characterization in Water Margin.Through his comments on the details,he showed the readers how the author organized sentences and the whole structure,how the story developed step by step and how the personalities of characters were shaped,thus the author’s views and intentions in writing were clarified further.However,Jin Shengtan also deleted much of the content in the latter half of Water Margin,and caused some defects in artistic achievements and the contradiction in the theme,which also should not be ignored.