最低工资、劳动力成本与中小企业创新投入意愿——基于浙江的企业调查

Minimum Wage,Labor Cost and the Willingness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to Invest in Innovation:Based on Corporate Survey in Zhejiang Province

最低工资的提高可能会通过劳动力成本和创新收益预期两种途径影响中小企业的创新投入意愿。本文基于2017年浙江省企业调查数据,利用结构方程模型检验了最低工资对中小企业劳动力成本的影响,利用回归模型检验了最低工资对中小企业创新投入意愿的影响。研究发现:较大比例的中小企业的劳动力成本和经营活动都受到了最低工资标准上调的冲击,且出现了下调员工社会保险的情况;最低工资标准的提高会显著增加劳动密集型、民营中小企业的劳动力成本;中小企业所在地区最低工资标准档次越高,非劳动密集型、民营的中小企业的创新投入意愿越强。结合两类实证结果可以确认,两种影响途径都存在,且因企业而异。

The increase in the minimum wage may affect the willingness of SMEs to invest in innovation through two ways:labor costs and innovation revenue expectations.Based on the survey data of Zhejiang enterprises in 2017,the paper uses structural equation modeling to test the impact of minimum wage on labor costs of SMEs,and then uses regression models to test the impact of minimum wage on SMEs′willingness to invest in innovation.The results show that the labor cost and operation of some SMEs have been affected by the increase in the minimum wage standards,and some employee′s social insurance have been cut.The improvement of the minimum wage standard will significantly increase the labor cost of labor-intensive and private SMEs;the higher the minimum wage standard is in the region where the SMEs are located,the stronger the willingness of non labor-intensive and private SMEs to invest in innovation.Combined with two kinds of empirical results,it can be confirmed that both of them exist,and vary with enterprises.