渐进式和跨越式技术进步的差异性分析--基于R&D经费投入和产品加工制造程度的比较研究

The Difference Analysis of the Step‐by‐step and the Great Leap Technology Progress:According the Comparative Research on the R&D Expenditure and the Degree of the Product Processing and Manufacture

技术进步有着渐进式和跨越式两种实现方式,分别是由R&D经费投入和产品加工制造程度深化引起的。理论分析重点是两种不同技术进步方式的驱动力量、差异化路径、增值效应及其影响程度。实证研究以全国投入产出调查中6个产业为对象,选取R&D经费投入、中间投入和新产品产值等指标进行计量分析,理论假设得到验证。本文研究认为,深化产品加工制造程度推动跨越式技术进步,技术水平快速提升,要素配置比例持续优化,高效集约利用要素投入。延伸技术内涵促进技术进步发生跳跃升级,形成更大的技术进步空间。而增加R&D经费投入实现渐进式技术进步,放缓技术进步速度,难以保持着最优技术创新效率,出现一定程度耗散,其增值空间日益收窄。

The technology progress has two running ways,one is the step⁃by⁃step technology progress,another is the great leap technology progress,caused from the R&D expenditure and the degree of the product processing and manufacture respectively.The main of the theory analysis is the driving forces,differentiate route and value⁃added effect,etc.The empirical research studies 6 industries as content from the China I⁃O Survey,selects the R&D expenditure,the intermediate input and the new product value to put⁃forward econometric analysis,the theory hypothesis has been tested.The results show as follows.The degree of the product processing and manufacture promotes the great leap technology progress,technology advances rapidly,the rate of the factor allocation optimizes continually,the factor input has been used extensively with efficiency,the expand of the technology intensive would make the technology advance with great leap,forming great technology progress space.Increasing the R&D expenditure causes the step⁃by⁃step technology progress,slows down the technology progress velocity,can not keep the optimization of the technology innovation productivity,but happen much dissipation,the space of the extra⁃value becomes smaller and smaller.