城市网络外部性的崛起:区域经济高质量一体化发展的新机制

The Rise of Urban Network Externalities:A New Mechanism for the High-quality Integrated Development of Regional Economy

随着城市间的联系日益网络化,注重可访问性和节点属性的城市网络外部性愈发受到重视,重塑了集聚理论的地理基础。相比于集聚外部性,城市网络外部性具有“跨边界”、“可流动”、“多尺度”、“共享性”等特征。据此,本文从网络分析范式下提出了“网络嵌入与互联”、“功能互补与协同”和“价值传递与增值”的区域一体化分析框架。其中,网络外部性通过降低匹配和交易成本、强化知识扩散和技术溢出、高效推动产业分工与合作、实施城市间“借用规模”行为等渠道促进区域一体化,而规模的借用是未来都市圈和城市群区域一体化的重要机制。这对于提高新型城镇化质量和深化区域协调发展实践具有重要政策启示,有助于跳出优先发展大城市和中小城市之争,从网络联系、节点位置和借用规模效应的视角,将大中小城市统一纳入到动态的城市经济体系,指引区域经济在网络参与中走向高质量一体化发展。

As the connections between cities become increasingly networked,the externalities of urban networks that focus on node attributes have received more attention,reshaping the geographical foundation of agglomeration theory.Compared with agglomeration externality,urban network externality has the characteristics of“cross boundary”,“mobility”,“multi-scale”and“sharing”.Therefore,this paper puts forward the regional integration analysis framework of“network embeddedness and inter⁃connection”,“functional complementarity and synergy”and“value transmission and value-added”from the perspective of net⁃work analysis paradigm.Among them,network externalities promote regional integration through channels such as reducing matching and transaction costs,strengthening knowledge diffusion and technology spillover,efficiently promoting industrial divi⁃sion and cooperation,and implementing inter-city“borrowing scale”behavior,and the borrowing of scale is an important mecha⁃nism for the regional integration of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations in the future.It has important policy implica⁃tions for improving the quality of new-type urbanization and deepening the practice of regional coordinated development.It is helpful to jump out of the dispute of giving priority to the development of large cities and small and medium-sized cities.In the future,we can integrate large and medium-sized cities into the dynamic urban economic system from the perspective of network connection,node location and borrowing scale effect,so as to make regional economy move towards high-quality integrated de⁃velopment in network participation.