早期纪年释迦多宝佛金铜像类型分析

Analysis of the Types of the Golden Bronze Statues of Sakyamuni and Prabhutaratna Buddha in Early Chronicles

早期纪年释迦多宝佛金铜像可分为六个类型:A型为二坐佛+宽台须眉座,B型为二坐佛+束腰须眉座,C型为二坐佛+双背屏,D型为二坐佛+双背屏+屋形顶,E型为二立像+双背屏,F型为二立像+单背屏。从北魏延兴二年(472年)到隋大业五年(609年),流行137年,经历了起源(第一期)、发展(第二期)、鼎盛(第三期)和衰落(第四期至第七期),其中第三期(北魏晚期)制作最为精良。释迦多宝佛金铜像的流行与后秦弘始八年(406年)鸠摩罗什在长安大寺翻译的《妙法莲华经》有关。

The early years of the golden and bronze Sakyamuni and Prabhutaratna Buddha statues can be divided into six types.Type A is two-seat Buddha with wide-bearded brow seat,type B is two-seat Buddha with girdle beard seat,type C is two-seat Buddha with double back screen,type D is two-seat Buddha with double back screen and roof top,type E is two-seat statues with double back screen,type F is two-seat statues with single back screen.From the second year of Yanxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty(472 years)to the fifth year of Daye in Sui Dynasty(609 years),it had been popularized for 137 years.It has experienced beginning(phase 1),development(phase 2),prosperity(phase 3)and decline(phase 4 to 7),of which the third phase(in the late Northern Wei Dynasty)is the most sophisticated.The popularity of the statues of Sakyamuni and Prabhutaratna are related to the The Lotus Sutra(Saddharma-pundarika)translated by Kumarajiva at the Chang'an Temple in the eighth year of Hongshi in the late Qin Dynasty(406).