光电驱动的糖化学反应

Photo-/Electro-Driven Carbohydrate-Based Reactions

糖类是自然界中最丰富的有机化合物,在医药、材料、能源和环境等领域发挥着重要作用。糖类化合物的分子极性大、结构复杂且存在微观不均一性,分离纯化难度极大,其合成问题已成为制约糖科学发展的瓶颈,发展高效的糖类化合物合成新方法是糖化学研究的核心内容。利用光子/电子能量驱动的反应通常能在温和的条件下发生,符合绿色化学理念和可持续发展要求,是当代有机合成化学中的研究热点之一。近些年,随着光电合成技术的进步,光/电驱动的糖化学反应也得到了快速发展。本综述从反应类型、反应机理以及研究现状方面较为系统地总结了光/电驱动的糖化学反应的研究进展,并在此基础上概括了光电驱动的糖化学反应目前面临的挑战及新的机遇。

Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compounds in nature,which play essential roles in the fields of medicine,materials,energy and environment.Due to the specific characteristic of high polarity,sophisticated structure and microheterogeneity,it is particularly difficult to separate,purify and synthesize carbohydrates.At present,the acquirement of carbohydrate compounds with homogeneous and diverse structures and in high purity mainly depends on chemical synthesis.However,the effective synthesis of carbohydrates has become a bottleneck of restricting the progress of glycoscience.The development of new methods and strategies for the synthesis of carbohydrates is the core topic in carbohydrate chemistry.The reaction driven by photon/electron energy usually takes place under mild conditions,which meets the requirements of green chemistry and sustainable development,and is also one of the research frontiers in modern organic synthesis.Nowadays,with the development of photo-/electro-synthetic technology,many achievements have been made in carbohydratebased reactions driven by photon/electron energy.In view of reaction type,mechanism and status,this review will systematically summarize the latest advances on photo-/electro-driven reactions in the synthesis of carbohydrates.This review will also analyze the current challenges and new opportunities of carbohydrate-based reactions driven by photon/electron energy.