漳州地区交趾黄檀幼龄期生长表现及适应性分析

Early growth performances and adaptability of Dalbergia cochinchinensis in Zhangzhou,Fujian Province

【目的】研究交趾黄檀在漳州地区引种的适应性及稳定性,筛选早期生长优良的家系。【方法】以26个交趾黄檀家系为材料,分别在龙海、诏安和漳浦试验点营造子代测定林,对5年生交趾黄檀地径、胸径和树高生长性状进行多地点联合分析。【结果】生长性状在各试验点均达到极显著水平差异(P<0.01),树高性状的家系×地点互作效应明显,其他性状的家系×立地互作效应则较小。交趾黄檀各生长性状家系遗传力估算值总体较高且各性状间均呈极显著的遗传正相关。综合隶属函数、生产力指数法及基因型分组法等方法,2、13和22号家系在福建省漳州地区的平均生长速度均较快,适应性较强。【结论】交趾黄檀适合在漳州地区生长,且以泰国北柳的13号家系在漳州地区的适应性更强,可作为在漳州地区引种栽培交趾黄檀的首选家系。

【Objective】Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre is a semi-deciduous tree species of Papilionaceae.It is a rare and endangered tree species used for timber wood,medicine and ornamental trees.It is also one of the eight important red wood afforestation tree species in the reference list of major cultivated and precious tree species in China(2017 edition).In order to study the growth difference and genetic stability of different families of D.cochinchinensis at different sites in Zhangzhou,Fujian Province,the early superior families were preliminarily selected to provide an experimental basis for a subsequent introduction and afforestation.【Method】In this study,tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and ground diameter of family progeny testing for 5-year-old D.cochinchinensis were investigated and analyzed at three sites in Zhangzhou area.The analysis of variance,genetic parameters and correlation of traits were estimated using a mixed linear model.Excellent families were selected through the membership function method and a genetic stability analysis.【Result】There were significant differences among families in ground diameter,DBH and tree height of 5-year-old D.cochinchinensis within and between experimental sites.The mean ground diameter,DBH and tree height of 5-year-old D.cochinchinensis were 7.67 cm,5.93 cm and 5.51 m,respectively.These indexes of the largest family were 37.85%,44.05%and 22.75%higher than those of the smallest family,respectively.Heritability of growth traits of D.cochinchinensis varied with different standing conditions.Moreover,there were higher individual heritability and family heritability(more than 0.38 and 0.70,respectively),for the ground diameter,DBH and tree height,with ranges of 0.38-0.73 and 0.70-0.92,respectively.Results showed that there was a moderate or strong genetic control in the growth traits of the different families of D.cochinchinensis at early stage;however,they were also affected by the growth environment.There was a significant positive genetic correlation between the growth traits of D.cochinchinensis at different locations.In the Zhangpu experimental site,the correlation coefficient of tree height and diameter growth was lower than that observed at the other two testing sites,and there was a significant positive correlation between the ground diameter and DBH of 5-year-old D.cochinchinensis families between the two sites,indicating that the interaction effect of family×site was not obvious.The DBH and DBH traits of each family were stable and were less affected by site conditions.However,there were significant differences in the correlation of tree height traits among the three sites,indicating that the interaction effect of family×site was obvious.With a change in the planting environment,the tree height of a family would change greatly.The comprehensive family membership analysis and multi-site joint analysis of growth stability show that the faster growth rate and stronger adaptability are for families 2,13,18 and 22 in the Zhangzhou area of Fujian Province.【Conclusion】D.cochinchinensis was suitable for growing in Zhangzhou area,and family 13 from Chachoengsao,Thailand had stronger adaptability in Zhangzhou area,therefore,it could be used as an excellent germplasm resource for an introduction and cultivation of D.cochinchinensis in Zhangzhou area.