受贿罪“利用职务上的便利”界定的进化史与技术展望

The Evolutionary History and Technical Prospect of the Definition of“Taking Advantage of the Position”in Bribery Crime

受贿罪作为最为古老的职务犯罪,立法者素来极其重视对于其的遏制。基于此种原因,受贿罪中“利用职务上的便利”的界定成为不可回避的议题。按照时间脉络审视对于该要件的立法规制,不难发现对其界定是一部进化史,即逐渐从摒弃到恢复、由粗糙到精细、从文义解释到扩大解释。然而,此渐变过程仍然存在不足,一方面过分强调行为规范性而轻视社会性,另一方面遮蔽了司法解释的客观性。重视生活中的常情、常识、常理的引入,并且积极地重返司法解释的客观性,应该成为未来受贿罪“利用职务上的便利”界定的理性选择。

As the most ancient official crime,the legislator has always attached great importance to curb bribery.For this reason,the definition of“taking advantage of the position”in bribery crime has become an unavoidable issue.It is not hard to find that the definition of its element is an evolutionary history from abandoning to restoring,from roughness to fineness,and from interpretation to expansion.However,there are still some shortcomings in this act.On the one hand,it overemphasizes the normativeness of behavior and ignores the sociality;on the other hand,it obscures the objectivity of judicial interpretation.Attaching importance to the introduction of common sense in life,and actively returning to the objectivity of judicial interpretation should be the rational choice for the definition of“taking advantage of the position”in the future.