老年人肌肉衰减情况及肉类饮食对其影响的研究

Muscle Attenuation in the Elderly and Influence of Meat Diet on Muscle Attenuation

将60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁三个年龄阶段的老年人分为肌肉衰减组、正常组,调查分析了老年人肌肉衰减与肉类饮食等影响因素的关系,揭示肉类饮食、运动状况和老年人肌肉衰减的关系,从食品摄入角度为干预老年人肌肉衰减提供依据。结果表明:从总体上看,与正常组比较发现,肌肉衰减组老年人在性别、BMI(身体质量指数)上差异极显著(P<0.01);组内比较发现,肌肉衰减组三个年龄段老年人随年龄增长其肌肉衰减程度呈上升趋势,SMI(骨骼肌质量指数)下降;膳食状况与运动状况分析发现,肌肉衰减组三个年龄段中部分年龄段老年人在肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽类及其蛋白摄入量、运动量分类上与正常组老年人有显著差异(P<0.05),并且其肌肉衰减率随着肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽类及其蛋白摄入量、运动量分类值的增加而呈递减趋势(P<0.05);肌肉衰减与肉类及其蛋白摄入量有关(β=-2.633、P<0.05;β=-2.216、P<0.05),肉类及其蛋白摄入量为老年人肌肉衰减的保护因素(OR<1);主成分分析发现肉类、抗阻运动量的排序(2、3)和肉类蛋白、抗阻运动量(2、1)排序均靠前,SMI与肉类及其蛋白摄入量、畜禽肉及其蛋白摄入量有较强的相关性,指标之间距离较近。结论:老年人肌肉衰减受年龄、性别、BMI、肉类饮食、运动状况等因素影响,适当增加老年人肉类摄入量(特别是畜禽肉)、抗阻运动量,有助于改善老年人的肌肉衰减。

The elderly were divided into muscle attenuation group and normal group,and each of group consists of three age stages including 60~69 years old,70~79 years old and≥80 years old.The aim of the work was to study the relationship between muscle attenuation and meat diet in the elderly,and that was to reveal the relationship among meat diet,exercise status and muscle attenuation in the elderly and provide evidence for the intervention of muscle attenuation in the elderly from the perspective of food intake.The results of analysis indicated that there were extremely significant differences on gender and body mass index(BMI)between muscle attenuation group and normal group(P<0.01).Within muscle attenuation group degree of muscle attenuation increased with age,evidenced by SMI(skeletal muscle mass index)value.The analysis of dietary status and exercise status showed that there were significant differences on meat and related protein intake,livestock and related poultry protein intake,and the amount of exercise in some of the three age groups of muscle attenuation group and normal group(P<0.05).Muscle attenuation rate of the muscle attenuation group was decreased with the classification value increase of meat and protein intake,livestock and poultry protein intake,and the amount of exercise(P<0.05).Muscle attenuation was related to meat and related protein intake(β=-2.633、P<0.05;β=-2.216、P<0.05).Meat intake was a protective factor of muscle attenuation for the elderly(OR<1).Principal component analysis showed that the rank of meat and resistance exercise(2,3)and the rank of meat protein and resistance exercise(2,1)were higher compared to other indicators.SMI was strongly correlated with meat and related protein intake,poultry meat and related protein intake evidenced by the closely distribution of those indicators.Conclusion:Muscle attenuation of the elderly was affected by age,gender,BMI,meat diet,exercise status and other factors.Appropriately increasing meat intake(especially poultry meat)and resistance exercise of the elderly was benefical to relieve muscle attenuation of the elderly.