精英大学生家庭特征及其对子女能力素质的影响——以北京大学2016-2018级新生为例

Elite College Students’Family Backgrounds and Their Development——A Survey on Freshmen of Peking University(2016-2018)

基于对北京大学2016-2018级新生的调查,从跨学科视角探究教育精英的家庭特征如何影响其能力发展,研究发现:家庭内社会资本突出表现为以理解、鼓励和支持为标志的情感温暖型教养方式是教育精英家庭的共同特征,这种家庭内社会资本是促进教育精英高阶认知能力、非认知能力、自我身份内省与创新能力发展的关键因素,父代的人力资本和文化资本主要通过这种家庭内社会资本传递给子代;家庭外社会资本和经济资本对子女的能力发展基本无显著正向作用。因此,为促进代际流动,在研究和制定相关政策时要充分考虑微观层面家庭内社会资本的重要作用。

Investigating freshmen of Peking University,it explored the impact of Chinese elite college students’family backgrounds on their development from the perspective of cross-discipline.It found that emotional warmth was a main trend of social capital within elite student families;social capital within family was the most influential factor impacting college student development;among all kinds of family capitals,social capital within family was the main trigger that parents’human capital and culture capital transferred to their children.To promote intergenerational mobility,it should take family social capital into consideration when making polices.