守护自由教育:耶鲁大学住宿书院的演进及其启示

Guarding Liberal Education:The Evolution of Yale University’s Residential College and Its Enlightenment

住宿书院是耶鲁大学实现自由教育理念的强有力工具,耶鲁大学在80余年住宿书院的探索历程中,始终秉持自由教育理念,构建了学系与书院的矩阵式结构,致力发挥书院的社群与教育功能,书院为耶鲁大学本科教育作出了卓越贡献。但在高等教育日益专业化背景下,其住宿书院也面临着理念平衡难、课程开设难、院长招募难、导师参与难等严峻挑战。对此,耶鲁大学始终坚持住宿书院应"满足学生需要、支持人格发展、促进全人教育"的自由教育理念。借鉴耶鲁大学住宿书院的探索经验,我国大学需要确立一种整体性的通识教育观,重视通识教育的组织革新与再造,正视大学书院理念的复杂平衡。

The residential college is a powerful tool to realize the concept of liberal education.In the course of 80 years’exploration,Yale University has built a matrix organizational structure based on the concept of liberal education,committed to playing the social and academic functions of residential college.Under the background of higher education becoming more and more specialized,the residential college is still faced with multiple challenges,such as concept balance,curriculum setting,dean recruitment and tutor participation.However,Yale insists the idea of liberal education that"reflects the needs of students,supports the development of personality and promotes the whole-person education".Referring to the exploration of Yale residential college,Chinese universities should establish a holistic concept of general education,pay attention to the organizational innovation and reconstruction of general education,and face the complex balance of college concept.