民法典背景下网络侵害人格权的救济机制

On the Relief Mechanism of Network Personality Right in the Context of Civil Code

人格权诉前禁令,网络侵权责任避风港原则及人格权侵权损害赔偿责任在民法典人格权法中的确立,为网络环境下人格权保护提供了事前、事中、事后三重权利救济机制。确立人格权请求权的独立性是构筑三重权利救济机制的基础。诉前禁令的适用条件、审查标准、申请禁令的担保、禁令的效力及错误申请的赔偿等是签发诉前禁令的考量因素。网络侵犯人格权适用避风港原则关键在于将通知和反通知规则落到实处。作为对人格权的事后救济,侵权损害赔偿责任的承担,应当适度放宽权利人对损害事实的举证责任,加大惩罚性赔偿与精神损害赔偿的适用,从而强化对网络人格权的保护。

The preliminary injunction of personality rights,the safe haven principle of the network tort liability and the liability for damages for personality rights in the network environment established in the Civil Code,provide three rights relief mechanism,occurring before,during and after the case.Establishing the independence of the right of personality claim is the basis of constructing the three rights relief mechanism.The conditions for application of the preliminary injunction,the criteria for examination,the guarantee of the application for the injunction,the validity of the injunction and the compensation for the wrongful application are the considerations for issuing the pre-litigation injunction.The application of safe haven principle for network infringement is very important to grasp the rules of notice and anti-notification.As the last barrier of rights relief,the liability of tort damages should be appropriately relaxed by the right holder’s burden of proof on the facts of damage,and the application of punitive damages and moral damages should be increased,thus strengthening the protection of network personality right.