考虑汇流过程的楼梯疏散模型研究

Staircase Evacuation Model Considering Merging Flow Process

为探究汇流过程对楼梯疏散的影响程度,运用排队论原理,计算楼层平台人流输出率;引入楼梯汇流比率,描述单位时间内楼梯人流通过率与楼层通道人流通过率;以楼梯汇流过程为基础,结合楼层平台人流输出率与汇流比率,将整个楼梯疏散划分为三个阶段,剖析各阶段内行人流相互作用关系,构建楼梯疏散模型,刻画楼梯疏散中人流量动态变化的过程。设置不同楼层通道宽度,计算汇流比率,模拟不同汇流比率下楼梯疏散过程,结果表明:楼梯疏散能力受楼层汇流过程的影响,随汇流比率的增加,楼层平台人流输出率与楼梯的疏散能力均呈现先增后减的趋势,当汇流比率为0.46时,即楼层通道宽度为130 cm时,楼层平台人流输出率与楼梯疏散能力达到最大。

For exploring the influence of merging flow process on staircase evacuation,the queuing theory is adopted to compute the pedestrian flow output rate in the platform floor;the stairs merging rate is introduced to describe the pedestrian passing rate of staircase and floor channel at the unit time.Based on the merging process of stairs,combining the pedestrian flow output rate in the platform floor and merging rate,the whole staircase evacuation process is divided into three parts,the interaction relationship between the number of pedestrian flow in each stage is analyzed,and the staircase evacuation capacity measurement model was constructed,describing the dynamic change process of pedestrian flow in staircase evacuation. The different widths of floor channel are set to calculate the merging ratio,and to simulate the pedestrian merging process of stairs by the different merging rates. The results of simulation show that the floor merging process affect the staircase evacuation capacity,the pedestrian output rate of floor platforms and the evacuation capacity of stairs showed a trend of first increase and then decrease as the increase of confluence ratio. When the flow rate is 0.46,and the floor channel width is 130 cm,the output rate of floor platform pedestrian flow and the capacity of evacuation reach the maximum values.