不同来源鱼鳔的营养成分比较分析

Comparison of Nutritional Quality in Fish Maw Products from Different Sources

鱼鳔、鲍鱼、海参及鱼翅统称为“海四珍”,是传统的珍贵食材。市场上鱼鳔的种类众多,然而有关不同来源鱼鳔营养成分的研究报道较少。该研究从传统食用的鲈形目鱼鳔及新资源鳕形目鱼鳔中挑选了几个代表性品种,比较其营养成分差异。结果发现:7种鱼鳔都是高蛋白、低脂肪食品。甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸和羟脯氨酸是鱼鳔的主要氨基酸,赤嘴鱼、石首鳘鱼、黄花鱼、石斑鱼、新西兰鳕鱼、冰岛鳕鱼和红鱼的鱼鳔主要氨基酸分别占总氨基酸的73.81%、70.04%、70.22%、67.15%、66.50%、65.50%、62.63%,功能性氨基酸(functional amino acid,FAA)∶总氨基酸(total amino acid,TAA)约为0.70。不同来源鱼鳔的锌、硒含量差异较大,红鱼鳔的锌含量低于检测限,黄花鱼鳔则高达4.56 mg/100 g。硒含量为19.00μg/100 g^77.00μg/100 g。

The dried swim bladders of fish also called as fish maw,is rank in the list of four sea treasures in Chinese cuisine.There are many species of swim bladders on the market,but few researches study on the differences in the material basis of swim bladders.In this study,several representative species were selected from traditional food material,Perciformes swim bladders and widely approbated new food material,Gadiformes swim bladders as samples to compare the differences in nutrition.The results indicated that both maws were high protein sources and low in fat content.The dominant amino acids in both maws were glycine,glutamic,alanine,proline,arginine,and hydroxyproline.These amino acids constituted 73.81%,70.04%,70.22%,67.15%,66.50%,65.50%,62.63%of the total amino acids in sea catfish′s maw,grouper catfish maw,yellow croaker maw,grouper maw,new zealand cod maw,iceland codmaw and red fish maw,respectively.The ratio of FAA and TAA(functional amino acids:total amino acids)in both maws were about 0.70.The contents of zinc and selenium in different species were quite different.The zinc content of red fish maw was lower than the detection limit,while yellow croaker maw was as high as 4.56 mg/100g.The selenium content ranges from 19.00μg/100 g to 77.00μg/100 g.