文士文化视阈下的希伯来智慧文学研究:主题、形式与思想观念

Research on Hebrew Wisdom Literature in the Perspective of Scribal Culture:Themes,Formats,and Ideas

学界近年来的研究表明,希伯来智慧文学的发生演化、文学主题、文本形式与思想观念,都与文士阶层息息相关,该阶层是古代以色列社会中专司文献书写的特殊群体,是犹太经典《塔纳赫》与其他古典文献的创作者。智慧文学是文士阶层特别钟爱的文学类型,究其原因,一方面,该文类是文士教育课程中的重要内容,对文士的文学技巧、审美趣味与思想观念影响深远;另一方面,文士阶层为了维持自身较高的社会地位与强大的文化影响力,亦在职业生涯中创作了大量的智慧文学,表达自身对智慧的独特理解与思考。因此,若要对希伯来智慧文学进行系统深入的探讨,势必要从作者系统出发,采取文士文化这一研究视阈,而这正是本文的基本进路。

Hebrew studies in recent decades show that the origin,evolution,themes,formats,and ideas of Hebrew wisdom literature are closely connected with the scribal class.The scribal class was a specific social group in Israelite communities,and it was this group that composed Tanach and other classics.The genre of wisdom literature was deeply affected by scribes.On the one hand,it played a significant role in the courses of scribal education and influenced deeply the scribes’literary techniques,aesthetic interests,and ideas.On the other hand,in order to maintain a respectable social status and cultural influence,the scribes also composed many works of wisdom literature.Thus,it is necessary to study Hebrew wisdom literature from the perspective of the scribal culture.