西藏地区青稞籽粒营养品质分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Grain Nutritional Quality of the Highland Hulless Barley in Tibet

为探明西藏地区青稞品种间的性状差异及性状间的相关性,筛选优异品质青稞种质,以251个西藏青稞种质资源为材料,测定了籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、大量元素(Ca、P)、微量元素(Fe、Zn、Se)含量共9个品质指标,分析了被测指标间关系。结果表明,所测定的9项品质指标在供试种质资源间均存在不同程度的差异,淀粉含量的变异系数最小,Se含量的变异系数最大;粗蛋白与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.54),粗蛋白与γ-氨基丁酸、Ca、P、Zn、Fe含量均呈极显著正相关。对被测指标进行主成分分析发现,可将9项品质指标简化成3个主成分,其累积方差贡献率为74.5%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献率达到了48.0%,第一主成分中因子载荷量大的品质指标是Zn、P、Ca、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、淀粉、Fe含量。综合评价筛选出10个营养品质较高的种质,分别为BJX152、BJX008、BJX149、BJX004、BJX003、BJX015、BJX005、藏青2000、BJX227、喜马拉22号。

The aim was to clarify the differences and correlations of nutritional quality traits of the highland hulless barley germplasms in Tibet and to screen for high nutritional quality germplasms.The correlation among the content of starch,protein,β-glucan,γ-GABA,macronutrient(Ca and P),microelement(Fe,Zn,and Se)nutritional quality indices in the 251 germplasms were studied.The results showed that the tested nine quality indices of the germplasms were significantly different.The coefficient of variation of starch content was minimum,while coefficient of variation of Se content was maximum.The protein content was significantly negatively correlated to the starch content with a significant coefficient of-0.54.The nutritional indices of protein,γ-GABA,Ca,P,Zn and Fe were positively correlated.Based on principal component analysis,cumulative variance contribution rate of the three principal components being selected was 74.5%.The variance of PC1 was 48.0%,among which the load coefficients of Zn,P,Ca,protein,γ-GABA,starch and Fe were larger.Distinctly,ten accessions(BJX152,BJX008,BJX149,BJX004,BJX003,BJX015,BJX005,ZQ2000,BJX227 and XML22)were identified with highest nutritional values.