“全面二孩”政策下天津市某大学医院不同学历女医护人员生育情况调查

Fertility Survey of the Female Medical Staff with Different Educational Backgrounds in a University Hospital in Tianjin Under the"Universal Two-child"Policy

目的:调查“全面二孩”政策实施以来某大学医院不同学历的女医护人员的生育情况,以探索影响其生育率的原因并提出对应的策略。方法:收集2016年以来的已育女医护人员基本人口学数据,统计其年生育率,将女医护人员按学历分为博士医生与非博士医生组、学士护士与非学士护士组等4个亚组,统计各组生育二孩比例,生育一、二孩间隔时间和生育二孩时的年龄及职称分布等。通过方差分析、t检验和卡方检验等分析其差异。结果:共调查5484人次育龄女医护人员,总体生育率逐年降低。博士与非博士医生生育二孩比例分别为13.89%和35.54%;生育一、二孩的间隔时间分别为(7.62±2.73)年和(4.27±2.15)年。学士护士与非学士护士生育二孩比例分别为24.34%和40.22%;生育一、二孩的间隔时间分别为(4.17±1.95)年和(6.32±2.77)年。以上两两比较均具有统计学差异意义(P<0.01)。约60%的女医护人员在29-34岁生育二孩。生育二孩的女医护人员超过72%为中级职称。结论:女医护人员生育率有所降低,生育二孩时年龄较大,高学历医护人员有少生育二孩和更迟生育趋势。

Objective:To investigate the fertility state of the female medical staff with different educational backgrounds in a university hospital since the"Universal Two-child"policy was implemented,so as to explore the reasons affecting their fertility rate and put forward corresponding strategies.Methods:Collecting the demographic data of the female medical staff who were registered in the university hospital since 2016.The annual fertility rate of the qualified female staff was calculated.Based on their education backgrounds,the female staff were divided into 4 subgroups including the doctor with and without PhD diploma subgroups and the nurse with and without bachelor diploma and subgroups.The survey included the fertility ratio of two-child,the interval between the 1st and 2nd birth,the age and professional title when the second child was delivered in each subgroup.The differences of these parameters between the two doctor subgroups and the two nurse ones were respectively analyzed with variance analysis,t-test or Chi-square test.Results:The surveyed fertile female medical staff was 5484 person-time with a decreased annual fertility rate.The fertility ratio of two-child of the doctors with and without PhD diplomas were 13.89%and 35.54%,with the interval of(7.62±2.73)years and(4.27±2.15)years between the 1st and 2nd birth respectively.The fertility ratio of two-child of the nurses with and without bachelor diplomas were 24.34%and 40.22%,with the interval of(4.17±1.95)years and(6.32±2.77)years between the 1st and 2nd birth respectively.The difference of these parameters between doctor subgroups and the nurse ones were all significant(P<0.01).About 60%of female medical staff gave birth to a second child at the age of 29-34 years old,and more than 72%of female medical staff were mid-level professional titles when giving birth to a second child.Conclusion:The fertility rate of female medical workers has decreased,and they are older when they have a second child.There is a trend of the later bearing and fewer ratio of two-child in female medical staff with the higher educational level.