警察社会工作:历史沿革、实务模式与现实路径

Introducing Police Social Work:Developmental histories,practical models,and implications in China

本文以美国警察社会工作为例,简要介绍警察社会工作的发展历史与实务模式,并讨论我国建立警察社会工作的现实意义和未来的发展空间。警察社会工作者是为警察部门转介的相关人员提供危机干预、调解等服务;向警员提供培训和咨询;向警员及其家属提供心理健康服务等的专业人员。警察社会工作在减少犯罪、关爱边缘弱势群体等方面发挥着咨询者与治疗者、教育与培训者、专家证人、联接者等重要角色。同时,运用社会工作知识和技巧,在精神疾病及心理健康服务、防止酗酒和药物滥用、预防性的培训外展和社区教育等领域发挥着重要作用。警察社会工作强调的“预防”和“后续服务”的技术以及跨专业合作的能力,能对社会问题或基层社会矛盾进行有效应对、化解和预防,相比于单独的社会工作角色,警察社会工作更具有优势。目前我国已具备发展警察社会工作的基本条件,研究警察社会工作对我国的社会治理具有重要的参考意义。

To fill the Chinese literature gap,this study takes American police social work as an example,to introduce its developmental histories and practical models and discuss the significances and implications of developing police social work in China.Police social workers provide crisis intervention,mediation and other services to the clients referred by the police department.In addition,they provide counseling and offer mental health services to police officers and their families.Police social workers play important roles in reducing crime and caring for the marginalized and vulnerable populations such as counselors,educators and trainers,expert witnesses and connectors.They also apply social work knowledge and skills in the areas of mental health services,alcohol and drug abuse prevention.Police social work emphasizes on prevention,follow-up services and interdisciplinary collaborations.It has advantages in solving and preventing social problems or conflicts.In the last section,this study discusses the feasibilities and infrastructures of developing police social work in China and its significant implications to Chinese social governance.