β-果糖苷酶抑制子的研究进展

The Research Progress of β-Fructosidase Inhibitors

在高等植物中,β-果糖苷酶抑制子(Cell wall/vacuolar inhibitor ofβ-fructosidase,C/VIF)是一类在质外体(细胞壁)或液泡中存在的小分子蛋白家族(14-23 kD),主要在翻译后水平抑制酸性蔗糖转化酶的水解活性。其调控机制可通过微调质外体蔗糖代谢稳态或细胞渗透压,影响植物种子和果实的发育和成熟过程,并参与植物对非生物胁迫抗逆适应性的调节;同时,也是植物应对病原菌侵染产生糖免疫过程和防御响应的重要组成部分。研究发现,β-果糖苷酶抑制子编码的基因表达和活性受激素(ABA、Auxin和CK等)和环境因子(冷、旱、和伤胁迫等)调节。综述了β-果糖苷酶抑制子的分子结构和生化特点,器官和组织中分布的时空表达特征,以及在植物中的生理功能和调控机制等最新报道和研究进展。因β-果糖苷酶抑制子在木本植物中的生理活性和作用机理有待探索,可为后续填补这些研究空白提供依据和奠定理论基础。

C/VIF(Cell wall/Vacuolar Inhibitor of β-Fructosidase)in higher plants is a small protein family(14-23 kD)with subcellular localizations to the apoplast or vacuoles,which post-translationally inhibits the hydrolytic activity of acid invertases.C/VIF can affect the seeds and fruits development and maturation through fine-tuning of the homeostasis of sucrose metabolism or cell osmotic pressure,and participate in the regulation of adapted abiotic stresses.It is also found to be involved in sugar immunization and defense response to pathogen infection.The gene expression and enzymatic activity of C/VIFs are subject to the transcriptional control by hormones(e.g.,ABA,Auxin,and CK)and environmental cues(e.g.,cold,drought,and wounding).Here,the molecular and biochemical features,the profiling of spatiotemporal expression patterns,and novel findings of physiological significance and the underlying modulatory mechanisms of C/VIFs are reviewed.Given that the functional roles of C/VIFs remain to be unraveled in woods,this paper provides the basis and lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent filling of these research gaps.