深圳市福田区高龄备孕妇女生殖健康现状调查分析

Reproductive health status of elder women preparing to be pregnant in Futian District of Shenzhen City

目的通过流行病学调查,了解深圳福田区高龄备孕妇女的生殖健康现状。方法选取进行孕前优生健康检查的925名年龄≥35岁的女性进行问卷调查、经阴道超声、妇科检查、宫颈阴道分泌物检查及女性性激素测定,获取数据进行统计分析。结果(1)深圳福田区高龄备孕妇女以35~39岁年龄段为主;超重及肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m^2)占13.62%;未产者占59.67%,有人工流产史、重复人工流产史者占比分别为24.11%、8.22%;月经周期不规律者占5.95%;有异常孕产史、妇科疾病史、合并其他系统疾病史者占比分别为14.59%、7.24%、14.92%。(2)生殖系统疾病检出率为51.14%,病种从检出率由高到低依次为宫颈疾病、子宫疾病、外阴阴道疾病、附件疾病、盆腔炎性疾病;不同年龄段的高龄备孕妇女部分病种的检出率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)高龄备孕妇女性激素水平已经表现了卵巢储备功能走向衰退的特征,AMH水平随年龄增加逐渐下降(P<0.05),FSH/LH水平随年龄增加逐渐上升(P<0.05)。结论高龄备孕妇女人口学特征、生殖系统疾病和性激素水平表现有其特点,应给予针对性筛查和干预。

Objective:To investigate the reproductive health status of elder women preparing to be pregnant by epidemiological survey in Futian District of Shenzhen city.Methods:A total of 925 pre-pregnancy health care women aged≥35 years were selected to carry out questionnaire survey,the examination of transvaginal ultrasound,gynecological examination,cervical vaginal discharge examination and sex hormone level for statistical analysis.Results:Most of the elder women preparing to be pregnant in Futian District of Shenzhen city were 35-39 years old;13.62%of them were overweight and obesity(BMI≥24 kg/m^2).59.67%had no history of childbirth;and those with a history of induced abortion or repeated abortions accounted for 24.11%and 8.22%respectively;those with irregular menstrual cycles accounted for 5.95%;persons with abnormal pregnancy/childbirth,history of gynecological diseases,and history of other system diseases accounted for 14.59%,7.24%and 14.92%,respectively.The detection rate of diseases of reproductive system was 51.14%,and the detection rate of diseases from high to low was cervical diseases,uterine diseases,vulvovaginal diseases,adnexal diseases and pelvic inflammatory diseases.There was a significant difference in detection rate of partial categories of reproductive system diseases among different age groups of elder women preparing to pregnant(P<0.05).The sex hormone levels in elder women preparing to be pregnant had shown the characteristics of the decline in ovarian reserve function.The AMH level decreased gradually with the increase of age(P<0.05),and the FSH/LH levels increased gradually with the increase of age(P<0.05).Conclusions:The demography characteristics,reproductive system diseases and sex hormone levels of elder women preparing to be pregnant have their own characteristics,which should be targeted screening and intervention.