滨州市三甲医院护士遭受语言暴力现状调查

Investigation on the current situation of nurses suffering from language violence in gradeⅢA hospitals in Binzhou city

目的调查三级甲等医院(三甲医院)护士遭受语言暴力的现状。方法通过问卷形式,在2019年7~9月对滨州市3所三甲医院900名护士进行调查,分析其遭受语言暴力的现状、原因及影响。结果89.4%的护士遭受过不同频次语言暴力,78.6%为辱骂,52.5%为威胁。女性、非独生子女的护士遭受语言暴力发生率高于男性、独生子女的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工作年限≤3年、急诊科的护士遭受语言暴力的发生率高于其他工作年限、其他科室的护士,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者及家属为主要施暴者,发生语言暴力的主要原因为患者及家属各方面压力大、护士沟通协调能力差和施暴者素质低下。语言暴力会对护士造成负面情绪、离职念头、生理改变、积极应对等不同程度影响,护士在遭受语言暴力后最常见的应对方式为耐心解释和忍让回避。结论三甲医院护士遭受语言暴力的现象十分普遍,为预防或减少语言暴力,应提高护士自身素质水平,施暴者加强自我约束,杜绝语言暴力发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation of nurses suffering from language violence in tertiary(gradeⅢ)A hospitals.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 900 nurses from July to September 2019 in gradeⅢA hospitals in Binzhou city to analyze the current situations,causes and impacts of language violence.Results 89.4%of the above-mentioned nurses suffered from language violence with different frequencies,78.6%of them suffered from abuses and 52.5%suffered from threatens.The incidences of language violence of female nurses and nurses who are non-only child were higher than male nurses and nurses who are only child,the differences were all statistically signficant(P<0.05).The incidences of language violence of nurses working for no more than 3 years and department of emergency were higher than nurses with other working years and in other departments,the differences were all statistically signficant(P<0.05).Patients and their families were the main perpetrators,and the main causes of language violence were pressures on patients and their families,poor communication and coordination abilities of nurses and low qualities of perpetrators.Language violence has affected nurses in different degrees,such as negative emotions,turnover intentions,physiological changes,and coping positively.The most common coping abilities of nurses after language violence were patient explanations and forbearance avoidances.Conclusion It is very common for nurses in gradeⅢA hospitals to suffer from language violence.In order to prevent or reduce language violence,nurses should improve their own quality levels,and perpetrators should strengthen self-disciplines to prevent language violence.