销售者产品责任归责原则的再思考——《民法典》删除《侵权责任法》第42条之解读

Reconsidering the Principle of Seller’s Product Liability Imputation--The Interpretation of Article 42 of the Tort Liability Law Deleted from the Civil Code

《侵权责任法》第42条明确规定了销售者产品责任的过错归责原则,《民法典》删除了该规定,以化解《侵权责任法》第42条与第43条的冲突。然而,这导致《民法典》中销售者产品责任的归责原则处于未明确规定的状态,需要通过第1203条的推导来适用无过错归责原则,但由于不能释明销售者承担无过错责任的原因,使得法律适用有所隐晦。基于《民法典》中销售者与生产者对被侵权人的责任承担处于同一地位,均属于产品缺陷的危险责任,应在1202条中增加“销售者”,明确销售者与生产者统一采用无过错归责原则,贯彻第1202条与第1203条逻辑衔接的一致性。

Article 42 of the Tort Liability Law clearly stipulates the fault liability principle of the seller’s product liability.The Civil Code has deleted this provision to resolve the conflict between Article 42 and Article 43 of the Tort Liability Law.However,as a result,the principle of liability imputation of seller’s product liability in the Civil Code is not clearly stipulated.It is necessary to apply the principle of no-fault imputation through the derivation of Article 1203,but it fails to explain the reason for the seller to bear no-fault liability,which also makes the application of law obscure.Based on the fact that in the Civil Code,the seller and the producer are in the same position to assume the liability of the infringed,and both of them belong to the dangerous liability of product defects,the“seller”should be added in Article 1202,so as to make it clear that the seller and the producer should adopt the principle of no-fault imputability and implement the consistency of the logical connection between Article 1202 and Article 1203.