大学评价的双面刃效应与符号暴力

The Double-Edged Sword Effect of University Evaluation and Symbol Violence

近年来大学评价的评价主体多元化和评价视角多样化趋势,人们多看到其积极作用,但却并存着负面效应,其原因不能不归咎于这些评价偏重科研的指标体系,即便表面设计上教学分量的权重大于科研分量,隐藏在后面的真实关系却是两者倒置的。大学评价指标体系的失衡,导致学术评价中“唯论文、唯帽子、唯奖项”的行为倾向,也导致大学中的浮躁、焦虑和急功近利。这种情绪可以说是大学评价“灌输”下导致的“误识”,这也反映出大学评价中存在着布尔迪厄所说的施行者与承受者“合谋”的符号暴力。所以能达成这种“合谋”,主要在于其中的利益机制、舆论机制和场域机制;而隐匿其后的是对大学资源的支配权力。要减少大学中的符号暴力,需要大学资源配置的公正性,需要探求如何建立更科学、更合理公正而不致让大学产生“误识”的大学评价制度。在这种探求中,由于评价者认识的局限性所导致的“天花板”效应,必须使大学评价与大学资源配置保持适当的松脱性。

In recent years,Diversification of evaluation subjects and evaluation perspectives in university evaluation has attracted more and more attention.While people often see its positive effects,there are also negative effects.The reason for this trend can be appropriately attributed to the index system which overemphasizes scientific research.Even though the weight of teaching is greater than that of scientific re search on the surface design,the real relationship hidden behind is inverted.The imbalance of index sys tem in university evaluation leads to the behavioral tendency of"papers only,titles only and awards only in academic evaluation,it also leads to impetuousness,anxiety and eagerness for quick success and in stant benefit in universities.This sentiment can be said to be the"misunderstanding"caused by the"in doctrination"of university evaluation,which also reflects the Bourdieu's symbol violence of collusion between the implementer and the acceptor.Such a collusion mainly lies in the interest mechanism,the pub lic opinion mechanism and the field mechanism,while the hidden power behind is the dominance of university resources.To reduce symbolic violence in universities,the fairness of university resource allocation is needed,and it is necessary to explore how to establish a more scientific,more reasonable and fair uni versity evaluation system without causing"misunderstandings".In this exploration,to avoid the"ceiling effect generated by limitations of evaluators cognition,the relationship between the university evaluation and the allocation of university resources must be kept appropriately loose.