3种养殖淡水鱼兽药残留及其食用健康风险评价

Veterinary drug residues and edible health risk assessment of 3 kinds of cultured freshwater fish

目的了解福建省主要养殖淡水鱼中兽药残留水平及评价其食用安全风险。方法以草鱼、罗非鱼和鳗鱼为研究对象,分析其药物残留及其代谢物残留含量,运用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危险系数法进行污染评价。结果在3种养殖淡水鱼肌肉中, 36种药物中有31种(包含14种渔用禁药)未检出,只有甲氧苄啶、磺胺嘧啶、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和恩诺沙星等5种药物被检测出,残留量最高的是氟苯尼考(179.33μg/kg),次之为磺胺嘧啶(161.20μg/kg);有1个罗非鱼样品的磺胺嘧啶含量超过了标准限量值;单项污染指数评价表明,除了1个罗非鱼样品受到磺胺嘧啶重度污染和1个鳗鱼样品受到甲氧苄啶轻度污染外,其余的55份淡水鱼样品的药物残留处于正常背景水平;综合污染指数评价表明,除了有1份罗非鱼样品处于轻度污染水平外,98.24%的淡水鱼的综合药物残留处于正常背景水平,其卫生质量均正常;成人和儿童的复合药物危害系数最大的均为鳗鱼;94.74%的淡水鱼长期被成人摄食不会造成潜在的药物健康风险,91.23%的淡水鱼长期被儿童摄食不会造成潜在的药物健康风险。结论福建省3种养殖淡水鱼食用仍存在一定的药物健康风险,今后应继续保持高压监管,并对出现的个别药物污染进行更精准的管控。

Objective To understand the level of veterinary drug residues in main cultured freshwater fish in Fujian province and to evaluate the risk of food safety. Methods Taking Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Oreochromis mossambicus and Anguillidae as the research objects, the content of drug residue and its metabolite residue was analyzed, and the pollution was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and target risk coefficient method. Results Among the 3 species of cultured freshwater fish muscle, 31 of 36 drugs(including 14 banned drugs for fishery use) were not detected, only trimethoprime, sulfadiazine, methionomycin, flufenicol and enoxacin were detected. The highest residual amount was flufenicol(179.33 μg/kg),followed by sulfadiazine(161.20 μg/kg). One Oreochromis mossambicus sample had sulfadiazine content in excess of the standard limit value. The evaluation of single pollution index showed that except one Oreochromis mossambicus sample was heavily polluted by sulfadiazine and one Anguillidae sample was slightly polluted by trimethopridine, the drug residues in the remaining 55 freshwater fish samples were at the normal background level. The comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that except for one Oreochromis mossambicus sample at the mildly polluted level, 98.24% of the freshwater fish had the comprehensive drug residue at the normal background level and the hygienic quality was normal. Anguillidae was the most harmful factor in both adults and children. Totally 94.74% of the freshwater fish were ingested by adults for a long time without causing potential medical risks, while 91.23% of the freshwater fish were ingested by children without causing potential medical risks. Conclusion There are still some health risks associated with the consumption of 3 kinds of cultured freshwater fish in Fujian province. In the future, high pressure supervision should be maintained and individual drug contamination should be more accurately controlled.