超声新技术在乳腺良恶性病变诊断中的应用进展

Progress in the Application of New Ultrasound Technologies in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions

乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率在我国逐年上升,严重危害我国女性的身心健康。超声检查实时、无创,对致密型腺体的乳腺检查效果较为敏感,目前已经成为我国女性乳腺癌筛查和乳腺常规检查的重要手段。近年来,许多新技术的出现弥补了常规超声诊断的不足。自动乳腺全容积成像技术是全自动三维成像,能清晰显示病变冠状面的信息。弹性成像能实时定性、定量反映病变软硬程度。超声造影能灵敏捕捉低速血流信号,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。超声光散射断层成像依据组织内血红蛋白浓度等参数进行功能成像,以鉴别乳腺病变良恶性及用于乳腺癌疗效评估。人工智能诊断技术基于大型数据库和深度学习,能捕捉人眼看不见的精细信息,达到更为客观和精确的诊断。目前,嫁接在超声仪器上的乳腺人工智能辅助诊断系统S-detect技术已投入临床应用。本文将归纳、总结以上技术的最新进展并结合其在乳腺良恶性病变诊断中的应用进行介绍。

The incidence and mortality of breast cancer are increasing year by year in China,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of Chinese women.Ultrasound examination is real-time,non-invasive,and sensitive to dense breast tissues.At present,it has become an important means of breast cancer screening and routine breast examination for women in China.In recent years,many new techniques have been developed to make up for the deficiency of conventional ultrasound.Automated breast volume scanner is a fully automatic 3D imaging technology,which clearly displays the coronal plane of breast lesions.Elastosonography is capable of qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the stiffness of breast lesions in real time.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging can sensitively capture low-speed blood flow signal and improve the detection rate of early breast cancer.Ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography is used to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions and evaluate the therapeutic effect based on the concentration of hemoglobin in the tissues.Artificial intelligence diagnosis is based on big data and deep learning,which is capable of capturing detailed information invisible to human eyes and achieving more objective and accurate diagnosis.At present,S-detect,an artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis system for breast lesions grafted on ultrasound instrument has been put into clinical application.In this paper,the latest advances of the above techniques and their application in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions are summa-rized.