我国卫生人力资源配置现状及其公平性分析

Analysis on the Current Situation and Equity of Health Human Resource Allocation in China

目的:对我国卫生人力资源配置情况进行现状分析与公平性评价,为科学、合理地规划卫生人力资源配置提供依据和建议。方法:采用描述性统计分析、基尼系数、泰尔指数及卫生资源集聚度等方法对我国卫生人力资源配置的公平性进行分析与比较,借助地理信息系统中ArcGis软件明确我国卫生人力资源分布的地区差异性。结果:我国卫生人力资源总量不断增加,但机构间、地区间及城乡间仍存在结构不平衡、分布不合理。由基尼系数的计算结果得知,从人口配置的角度,我国西部地区的公平性高于东、中部地区;从地理配置的角度,我国东部地区的公平性高于中西部地区。泰尔指数测算结果表明东部地区的公平性最优,西部地区最差,其区域内部的差异性是导致我国卫生人力资源不公平的主要原因。卫生人力资源集聚度的测算研究表明,上海、北京及天津的卫生资源集聚度较高,卫生人力资源相对过剩,即我国卫生人力资源主要集中于经济发达的东、中部地区,而宁夏、新疆和甘肃等西部地区的卫生人力资源集聚度较低,即卫生人力资源相对匮乏。结论:为优化我国卫生人力资源的均衡配置,政府在卫生规划方面应根据区域特点及其发展情况制定资源配置标准,提高经济欠发达地区卫生人力资源的可及性,改善医护人员在机构间、城乡间及区域间分布的合理性。

Objective:To analyze the situation and equity of health human resource allocation in China,explore basis and suggestion to scientifically and reasonably optimize allocation of health human resources.Methods:The descriptive statistical analysis,Gini coefficient,Theil index and health resource agglomeration degree are used to analyze and compare the equity of China’s health human resource allocation.Regional differences of China’s health human resource distribution are clarified by using ArcGis Software in the geographic information system.Results:The total amount of health human resources is increasing,but there are still structural imbalance and unreasonable distribution among institutions,regions and urban and rural areas.According to the calculation results of Gini coefficient,from the perspective of population distribution,the equity of western China is higher than that of eastern and central China.From the perspective of geographical distribution,the equity of eastern China is higher than that of central and western China.The results of Theil index show that the equity in the eastern region is the best,while the equity in the western region is the worst,the regional difference is the main reason for the inequity of health human resources.The health resource agglomeration degree research shows that Shanghai,Beijing and Tianjin is higher,the health human resources are relatively surplus,and mainly concentrated in the economically developed eastern and central regions.However,Ningxia,Xinjiang and Gansu is relatively low,health human resources are relatively scarce.Conclusion:In order to optimize the health human resource allocation,the government should formulate resource allocation standards in the regional health planning according to the regional characteristics and development,improve the accessibility of health human resource in economically underdeveloped areas,perfect the rational distribution of health care workers among institutions,urban and rural areas and regions.