认知神经科学中蕴藏的力学思想与应用

Mechanical thoughts and applications in cognitive neuroscience

该文系统总结了作者团队在脑科学领域内提出的神经能量理论与方法,以及力学与神经能量理论之间的内在联系.着重介绍了如何运用分析动力学的思想构建一个与H-H模型等效的W-Z神经元模型.并以此为基础,在神经科学领域内提出了以神经能量为核心的大尺度神经科学模型和大脑全局神经编码的理论框架.在包括视知觉等多个感知觉神经系统的信息处理、大脑的智力探索以及预测神经元新的工作机制、解释神经科学难以解释的实验现象等方面,证实了这个新颖的神经元模型所展现出来的独特功能与优势.由于可塑性是认知神经科学与智能行为的核心,通过蛋白质分子机器的经典力学分析,进一步阐明了神经元的可塑性和神经发育不仅仅只是生物化学反应过程,力学的作用与贡献也是不可或缺的重要因素.表明了力学科学在神经科学、生命科学中的研究思想及其内在逻辑的深远影响.这些研究对于今后推动实验神经科学与理论神经科学的融合,摒弃神经科学领域中还原论与整体论研究方法中的不足,并将它们各自的优点进行有效地整合,促进力学科学的理论与方法的渗透是极其重要的.

This review article systematically summarizes the neural energy theory and methods proposed by our team in the field of brain science,and the internal relationship between mechanics and neural energy theory.This paper introduces how to construct an equivalent W-Z neuron model with the H-H model using the idea of analytic dynamics.Based on this,a large-scale neural model with neural energy as the core and a theoretical framework of global neural coding are proposed in the field of neuroscience.The unique functions and advantages of this novel neuron model are confirmed in the aspects of information processing,including visual perception,brain intelligence exploration,prediction of new working mechanisms of neurons and explanation of experimental phenomena challenging to explain in neuroscience.Because plasticity is the core of cognitive neuroscience and intelligent behavior,through the classical mechanical analysis of protein molecular machines,it is further clarified that the plasticity and neurodevelopment of neurons are not only biochemical reaction processes but also the role and contribution of mechanics are indispensable and important factors.It shows that the research thought of mechanics science in neuroscience and life science and its profound influence on internal logic.These studies will promote the integration of experimental neuroscience and theoretical neuroscience in the future,abandon the shortcomings in the research methods of reductionism and holism in the field of neuroscience,and integrate their respective advantages effectively.It is extremely important to promote the penetration of theories and methods of mechanical science.